Abstract
Eating behaviors in adults are influenced by a complex interplay of environmental factors. This review explores physical, social, economic, and cultural environments that shape dietary choices and habits. Addressing these factors is critical for developing effective public health strategies to promote healthier eating patterns and combat diet-related diseases. To provide an overview of the environmental factors—physical, social, economic, and cultural—that shape eating behaviors in adults, highlighting key studies and interventions that have sought to influence dietary habits through environmental changes. Current study synthesizes findings from human trials and studies that explore the relationship between environmental influences and eating behavior. Access to healthy foods, such as supermarkets and fresh produce outlets, is strongly associated with healthier eating patterns. Interventions such as portion size reduction and menu labeling in cafeterias have led to reduced calorie intake and healthier food choices. Studies have shown that adults are more likely to choose unhealthy foods when dining with friends or in social settings. Additionally, social norms favoring healthy eating can lead to better food choices. Economic factors, including food prices and marketing, significantly affect dietary decisions. Cultural norms and globalization have led to dietary transitions, particularly in developing countries. Traditional diets are often replaced by processed and westernized food patterns, which have been associated with higher rates of obesity and metabolic diseases. Policymakers and public health officials should incorporate environmental considerations into dietary recommendations and health interventions. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of such environmental interventions across diverse populations.
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