The Heatwaves and Urban Health: Assessing Preparedness and Adaptive Strategies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries : The Heatwaves and Urban Health: Assessing Preparedness and Adaptive Strategies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Abstract

Heatwaves are increasingly viewed as a significant public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Urban populations in these regions are particularly vulnerable due to their limited ability to adapt. This review examines the health effects of heatwaves in urban areas, assesses preparedness and adaptive strategies, and connects these efforts to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The article specifically emphasizes the importance of SDG3 (Good Health and Well-Being), SDG11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG13 (Climate Action) in shaping integrated responses. Evidence shows that while some progress has been made in establishing heat-health action plans, there are still major gaps in expanding these initiatives across LMICs. Improving collaboration among sectors, urban planning, and community-based adaptation is crucial for reducing health risks related to heat.